In the third quarter of 2024, the U.S. economy showcased resilient growth, although slightly below expectations, with a growth rate of 2.8% compared to the preceding quarter’s 3%. This performance, while modestly below the anticipated 3.1% rate, marks a robust economic environment supported by vigorous consumer spending and substantial business investment.

Consumer spending, which drives a significant portion of U.S. economic activity, increased by 3.7% during this period. This upswing reflects continued consumer confidence and willingness to spend, despite enduring high borrowing costs that typically discourage spending on big-ticket items like homes and cars. The consistent expenditure by consumers is indicative of a strong labor market where employment stability fosters willingness to make significant purchases.

Business investment also remained strong, with nonresidential fixed investment, which includes spending on business equipment and infrastructure, climbing at a rate of 3.3%. This is a pivotal measure of business confidence, indicating that companies are continuing to invest in their growth despite economic uncertainties. Such investments are essential for long-term economic stability and suggest a positive outlook among business leaders about the economy’s path forward.

The GDP growth rate for this quarter, though slightly reduced, still represents a robust economic advancement when compared to the average growth rate of 2.5% from 2009 to 2019. This period included the long recovery phase following the Great Recession, during which growth was often tepid.

Moreover, this quarter’s data emphasizes the resilience of the U.S. economy in an environment of high interest rates. The Federal Reserve has maintained elevated borrowing costs as a measure to temper inflation, which has been a persistent challenge since the economic rebound from the COVID-19 pandemic. Higher interest rates generally lead to higher costs for financing on both personal and business fronts, which can dampen spending and investment.

The continuation of strong consumer spending and business investment in such conditions may suggest that both sectors have adjusted to the current economic climate of high borrowing costs. It also hints at underlying strengths in the economy, such as robust employment numbers and corporate earnings, which help buffer the effects of these higher costs.

Looking forward, the key factors to watch will be the trajectory of consumer confidence, especially in the face of persistently high prices and interest rates, as well as business sentiment and investment in the context of global economic uncertainties, including trade dynamics and geopolitical tensions. The ability of the economy to maintain close to 3% growth amid these challenges would indicate a significant resilience and adaptability of the U.S. economic foundation.